Endotoxins are toxic substances produced by certain bacteria, notably gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli. These toxins are part of the outer membrane of the bacterial cell wall and are released upon bacterial cell death or lysis. Endotoxins can trigger a strong immune response in the host organism, leading to symptoms of fever, shock, and tissue damage. Research in the area of endotoxins focuses on understanding their mechanisms of action, their role in bacterial pathogenesis, and their effects on the immune system. This research is important for developing treatments for endotoxin-related diseases, such as sepsis, as well as for improving our understanding of how the immune system responds to bacterial infections.