Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, typically in the pelvic area. This can cause symptoms such as pelvic pain, painful periods, and infertility. The exact cause of endometriosis is not well understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, hormonal, and immunological factors. Treatment options for endometriosis include medication, hormone therapy, surgery, and lifestyle changes. Research in this area focuses on improving diagnosis, understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease, and developing better treatment options for women with endometriosis.