Dispersal is a key ecological process by which individuals or propagules move from one location to another in order to establish new populations or to avoid competition, predators, or other environmental challenges. Dispersal can occur through a variety of mechanisms, including wind, water, animals, or self-dispersal. Understanding dispersal patterns and mechanisms is important for predicting species distributions, population dynamics, and ecosystem functions. Studying dispersal can provide insights into how organisms respond to environmental changes, disperse invasive species, and contribute to the conservation and management of natural populations.