Disparities refer to differences, inequalities, or gaps in access, quality, outcomes, or opportunities across different groups or populations. This can occur in various contexts, such as healthcare, education, income, employment, housing, and more. Research in this area aims to identify, understand, and address these disparities, with the goal of promoting equity and reducing systemic inequalities in society. Studies in this field often explore the root causes of disparities, their impact on marginalized groups, and potential solutions to mitigate these inequities.