Disinfectants are chemical agents used to kill or inactivate microorganisms on surfaces and objects to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. They are commonly used in healthcare settings, food processing facilities, and households to maintain cleanliness and reduce the risk of contamination. Disinfectants work by disrupting the cell membranes or proteins of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, effectively destroying their ability to reproduce and cause infection. Different types of disinfectants are available, including chlorine-based compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, alcohols, and hydrogen peroxide. Proper use of disinfectants is essential to ensure effectiveness and safety, as misuse can lead to the development of resistant microorganisms or harmful exposure to humans.