Desalination is the process of removing salt and other minerals from seawater or brackish water to produce fresh water suitable for human consumption or irrigation. This process is essential in areas where fresh water resources are scarce or contaminated, and is typically achieved through either distillation or membrane filtration methods. Desalination technology has advanced in recent years, becoming more energy-efficient and cost-effective, making it an increasingly important solution for addressing global water scarcity issues.