Cryogenics is the branch of physics that deals with the production and effects of very low temperatures. It involves the study of materials and systems at temperatures below -150 degrees Celsius, where gases become liquids or solids. Cryogenic technology is used in various fields such as in medical applications, superconductivity, space exploration, and the preservation of biological samples. The properties of materials and physical processes at cryogenic temperatures are not well understood, making research in this area important for advancements in technology and science.