Cost-effectiveness is a research area that focuses on evaluating whether interventions or programs provide value for money by comparing the costs of an intervention with its outcomes or benefits. Researchers in this area aim to identify and measure the most cost-effective ways to achieve desired outcomes, such as improved health outcomes, reduced crime rates, or increased educational attainment. Cost-effectiveness analysis typically involves calculating the cost per unit of outcome or benefit and comparing this cost to alternative interventions or to a specified threshold for cost-effectiveness. This research area is often used in healthcare, public policy, and social programs to inform decision-making and resource allocation.