Compilers are software tools that translate high-level programming languages into machine code that can be executed by a computer. They play a crucial role in the software development process by converting human-readable code into instructions that can be understood by the computer's processor. Compilers are essential in optimizing code for performance and efficiency, as well as detecting errors and bugs in the code. Researchers in the field of compilers work on developing new algorithms, techniques, and tools to improve the performance, reliability, and usability of compilers for various programming languages. They also investigate ways to automate the process of code optimization and error detection, making it easier for developers to write efficient and bug-free code.