Causality is a fundamental concept in research that seeks to identify and understand the relationship between variables and their effects on one another. It involves investigating how changes in one variable directly influence changes in another variable, and determining whether a cause-effect relationship exists between them. Researchers in various fields such as psychology, sociology, economics, and health sciences often use causality to study complex systems and phenomena, and determine the underlying mechanisms driving certain outcomes. Causal inference methods, such as experimental designs, longitudinal studies, and statistical modeling, are commonly employed to establish causal relationships and make informed decisions based on the findings. Overall, understanding causality is essential for building solid scientific theories, predicting future outcomes, and developing effective interventions and policies in different fields of research.