Research bias refers to systematic errors or deviations from the truth in the results of research studies. Bias can occur at any stage of the research process, from study design to data collection, analysis, interpretation, and publication. Some common types of bias include selection bias, measurement bias, and publication bias. Selection bias occurs when certain groups or individuals are more likely to be included or excluded from a study, leading to skewed results. Measurement bias occurs when the tools or methods used to measure variables are inaccurate or biased, leading to incorrect conclusions. Publication bias occurs when studies with positive or statistically significant results are more likely to be published than studies with negative or non-significant results, leading to an overestimation of the effectiveness of interventions. Identifying and addressing bias is crucial in research to ensure that the results are valid, reliable, and trustworthy. Researchers can use various techniques to minimize bias, such as randomization, blinding, and sensitivity analyses. Additionally, transparent reporting of study methods and results can help readers assess the potential for bias in a study.