In the context of research, a baseline is a starting point or initial measurement taken before any intervention or treatment is applied. Baselines are used to establish a reference point for comparison and to track changes or outcomes throughout a study. In research design, a baseline is essential for determining the effectiveness of a particular intervention or treatment by providing a point of comparison for the results that follow. Baselines are commonly used in various fields of research, such as psychology, medicine, and social sciences, to help researchers measure and analyze the impact of their interventions.