Anisotropic materials are materials that exhibit different physical properties in different directions. This means that their properties, such as stiffness, strength, thermal conductivity, or electrical conductivity, vary depending on the direction in which they are measured. This contrast with isotropic materials, which have the same physical properties in all directions. Research in anisotropic materials focuses on understanding the underlying mechanisms that give rise to their directional properties, as well as developing applications that leverage these unique characteristics. Anisotropic materials are commonly found in nature (such as wood, muscle tissue, or crystals), but can also be artificially engineered through methods such as composite materials or additive manufacturing. Some key areas of research in anisotropic materials include modeling and simulation techniques, fabrication methods, characterization techniques, and applications in fields such as aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and electronics. The ability to tailor the properties of materials in different directions offers unique opportunities for creating advanced materials with improved functionality and performance.