This application addresses Program Area 3: Food Safety, Nutrition, and Health, Priority Area: Function and Efficacy of Foods - Program Area Priority Code - A1341.The 2015 Research Frontiers in Nutritional Sciences Conference is part of a Conference Series organized every two years by the Department of Nutritional Sciences at The University of Arizona. The conference program brings together scientists, nutritionists, and clinicians as well as food, agricultural industry, State, and US federal agency representatives to discuss the impact of diet and nutrition on the etiology of chronic diseases. The 2015 program will center on the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet and lifestyle and opportunities to translate scientific information about these models into practical recommendations to prevent and/or alleviate the incidence of chronic diseases, and improve longevity. Presentations by distinguished speakers from Spain, France, Greece, Italy, and the United States will focus on mechanisms underlying the health benefits of dietary components, eating behavior, and lifestyle characteristic of the Mediterranean region. The program will also include lunch-and learn and poster competition sessions for undergraduate and graduate students; scientific abstract recognition for postdoctoral fellows and young investigators; opening and closing sessions with local and international chefs and culinary experts; and panel discussions. We plan the publication of a volume on Mediterranean Diet and Health (Springer) that includes chapter contributions from various speakers and the preparation of the Conference Proceedings. Overall, this program offers the opportunity to highlight strategies for improving wellness and preventing chronic diseases in the United States