Optical data storage is a technology that uses light to read and write data on a storage medium. It involves using lasers to encode data onto a disc, typically in the form of pits and lands that represent binary information. This technology allows for high-capacity storage of data, making it popular for applications such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs. Optical data storage is known for its durability and longevity, making it a reliable option for long-term archival storage of data. Ongoing research in optical data storage is focused on improving storage capacity, data transfer speeds, and reliability of the technology.