A novel model refers to a new, innovative, or unique approach or framework that has been developed to address a specific research question or problem. These models can be applied across various disciplines, such as mathematics, physics, biology, computer science, or social sciences, and often provide fresh insights or perspectives on a particular phenomenon or issue. Novel models may incorporate advanced mathematical techniques, utilize cutting-edge technologies, or integrate interdisciplinary theories to offer a more comprehensive understanding of complex systems or processes. Researchers and scholars often develop novel models to improve prediction accuracy, optimize decision-making, or generate new hypotheses for further investigation. Overall, novel models play a crucial role in advancing scientific knowledge, driving innovation, and expanding the boundaries of research in diverse fields.