Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition where excess fat is stored in the liver of individuals who do not consume excessive amounts of alcohol. It is closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of liver conditions ranging from simple fatty liver (steatosis) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Research in this area focuses on understanding the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and potential therapies for NAFLD. This includes studying the role of genetics, lifestyle factors, gut microbiota, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the development and progression of the disease. Risk stratification, early detection, and lifestyle interventions such as diet, exercise, and weight loss are key areas of focus in managing NAFLD.