Neuronal differentiation refers to the process by which neuronal stem cells develop into mature neurons with specialized functions. This process involves various changes in the structure and function of the cells, including the formation of dendrites and axons, the establishment of synaptic connections, and the expression of specific neurotransmitters and ion channels. Neuronal differentiation is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and plays a crucial role in processes such as learning, memory, and sensory perception. Researchers study neuronal differentiation to better understand how neurological disorders develop and how they can be treated or prevented.