Moon formation is the scientific study of how the Moon was formed and evolved over time. There are several theories about how the Moon came to be, including the giant impact theory, fission theory, and co-formation theory. Researchers use a combination of computer models, simulations, geological studies, and lunar samples to understand the processes that led to the formation of the Moon. By studying the Moon's composition, structure, and surface features, scientists hope to gain insight into the early history of the Earth and the solar system.