Mitochondrial fission refers to the process by which mitochondria, the organelles responsible for producing energy in cells, divide and separate into two or more smaller mitochondria. This process is essential for maintaining the health and function of mitochondria, as it allows for the removal of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria and the distribution of mitochondria throughout the cell. Research on mitochondrial fission has shown that it plays a crucial role in various cellular functions, including energy production, cell division, and cell death. Dysregulation of mitochondrial fission has been implicated in a number of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Scientists are studying the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial fission, as well as the proteins and pathways involved in regulating this process. Understanding how mitochondrial fission is controlled and how it impacts cellular function could lead to new insights into the development of therapeutics for various diseases.