M dwarf stars are small, cool, and relatively common stars that are part of the main-sequence population. They are about 0.08 to 0.6 times the mass of our sun and are the most abundant type of star in the Milky Way galaxy. Research on M dwarf stars focuses on studying their properties, such as temperature, luminosity, magnetic activity, and variability. These stars are of particular interest because they have long lifespans, with some estimated to live for trillions of years, making them potentially good candidates for hosting habitable planets. Scientists study M dwarf stars to better understand stellar evolution, the potential for habitable exoplanets around them, and their impact on the overall structure and dynamics of the galaxy. This research area is important in the search for extraterrestrial life and advancing our understanding of the universe.