Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a large molecule located in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. It is a potent endotoxin that can trigger a strong immune response in mammals, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other immune mediators. Research on LPS typically focuses on understanding its role in bacterial pathogenesis, host immune response, and inflammation-related diseases. Studying LPS can provide insights into mechanisms of sepsis, septic shock, and other inflammatory conditions, as well as potential therapeutic strategies to modulate the immune response.