Islet viability refers to the ability of pancreatic islet cells to survive and function properly after being isolated and transplanted into a recipient for the treatment of diabetes. Islet viability is a critical factor in the success of islet transplantation, as the survival and function of transplanted islet cells are essential for maintaining normal blood sugar levels in the recipient. Research in islet viability focuses on understanding the factors that contribute to the loss of islet cell viability during isolation, storage, and transplantation, as well as developing strategies to improve the survival and function of transplanted islet cells. This includes studying the impact of different isolation methods, storage conditions, and transplantation techniques on islet viability, as well as exploring novel approaches such as encapsulation and gene therapy to enhance islet cell survival and function. Overall, research in islet viability plays a crucial role in advancing the field of islet transplantation and improving the long-term outcomes for patients with diabetes who undergo this treatment.