Genetic diversity refers to the variation in genes within a population or species. It is essential for the survival and evolution of a species, as it allows individuals to adapt to changing environments and increases the overall resilience of the population. Genetic diversity can be affected by factors such as mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection. Researchers often study genetic diversity to better understand the relationships between individuals, populations, and species, as well as to inform conservation efforts and improve agricultural practices. By preserving and promoting genetic diversity, scientists hope to ensure the long-term viability of ecosystems and species.