Extrapolation is a process in which researchers use existing data to make predictions or estimate values beyond the range of the original data set. This method involves extending trends or patterns observed in the data to make inferences about future outcomes or values. Extrapolation is commonly used in a variety of fields such as economics, statistics, and environmental science to forecast trends, project data, and make predictions based on historical data. However, extrapolation can be unreliable if assumptions about the data are not carefully considered, and it is often accompanied by a degree of uncertainty.