Ethnic-racial identity is a research area within psychology and sociology that focuses on the ways in which individuals perceive and identify with their ethnic and racial background. This research explores how individuals develop and maintain a sense of belonging to a specific ethnic or racial group, as well as how this identity influences their attitudes, behaviors, and overall sense of self. Researchers in this field examine the ways in which ethnic-racial identity is shaped by cultural, social, and historical factors, as well as how it can impact individual experiences of discrimination, prejudice, and privilege. Studies in this area may also explore the intersectionality of ethnic-racial identity with other aspects of identity, such as gender, sexuality, and socioeconomic status. Overall, research on ethnic-racial identity seeks to deepen our understanding of how individuals navigate their multiple identities and the social contexts in which these identities are constructed and experienced. It also highlights the importance of recognizing and valuing diverse ethnic and racial backgrounds in promoting individual well-being and societal equity.