Coupled models refer to a type of computational model that integrates multiple interacting systems or processes in order to simulate complex phenomena. These models take into account the interactions and feedback between different components, allowing researchers to study how changes in one system can impact others. Coupled models are commonly used in various scientific fields such as climate science, ecology, geology, and economics. For example, in climate science, coupled models can simulate the interactions between the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and ice sheets to predict future climate scenarios. Overall, coupled models are valuable tools for studying interconnected systems and understanding the complex relationships between different components in order to make informed decisions and predictions.