Arizona history is the study of the past events, people, and cultures that have shaped the state of Arizona. This research area covers a wide range of topics, including the indigenous peoples who have lived in the region for thousands of years, the Spanish explorers and missionaries who first came to the area in the 16th century, the Mexican and American settlers who arrived in the 19th century, and the various industries and developments that have shaped the state in more recent times. Arizona history also encompasses key events such as the founding of cities like Phoenix and Tucson, the establishment of the Grand Canyon as a national park, and the impact of mining, ranching, and agriculture on the state's economy and environment.